Understanding Cushing’s syndrome in Dogs
Cushing’s syndrome, also known as hyperadrenocorticism, is a common endocrine condition in dogs—especially as they get older. It happens when the body produces too much cortisol, often called the “stress hormone.” While cortisol is important for normal body function, too much over time can lead to a wide range of clinical signs and health issues.
Our specialist in Internal Medicine, Dr. Hannah Lee, shares that there are two main forms of Cushing’s syndrome
The most common form, particularly in small-breed dogs, is linked to a benign tumor in the pituitary gland (located at the base of the brain). This tumor signals the adrenal glands to produce excess cortisol. Less commonly, a tumor in the adrenal glands themselves can directly cause overproduction.
What signs should pet owners watch for?
Dogs with Cushing’s disease may show subtle changes at first, which can gradually become more noticeable. Common symptoms include:
• Increased appetite
• Excessive thirst and urination
• Hair loss or thinning coat
• Thin, fragile skin
• A “pot-bellied” appearance
• Muscle weakness
• Panting
In some cases, particularly when a larger pituitary tumor is involved, dogs may develop neurological signs such as behavior changes, seizures, or decreased alertness.
Who is most at risk?
Cushing’s disease can affect dogs of any breed and most often affects middle-aged to senior dogs, with small breeds more commonly developing the pituitary form.
